Horizontal flue



Sept. 9, 1924. 1,508,040 L. WILPUTTE HQRIZONTAL 'FLUE imea Sept. 25,1923 z'snem-shwz 1 INVENTOR Lou/6 ML P0776 ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 9,1924.

warren stares arent QFFICE- LOUIS WILPUT'I'E, OF NEW ROCHELLE. NEW YORK,ASSIGNOR OF TWO-THIRDS TO ALICE A. WILPIIIETE, OF NEW ROCHELLE, NEWYORK.

HORIZONTAL FLUE.

Application filed September 25, 1923. Serial No. 664,694.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, LOUIS WiLPUTTE, a citizen of the United States, andresident of New Rochelle, in the county of West-- chester and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inHorizontal Flues, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to coke ovens of the kind in which eachheating wall at the side of a coking chamber is formed with verticalcombustion flues connected with one or more chambers or flues above the;vertical flues therein and each serving to connect. two or more of thever- -tical flues beneath it. With this type of heating wall, which isthat employed in a i great majority of the by-product coke ovens now inuse, it is desirable to restrict. the upper end of each vertical flue toprovide a port connecting the body portion of the fluewith theconnecting chamber or horizontal flue above it, which is substantiallysmaller in cross section than the body portion of the vertical flue.This restriction is necessary in practice to control combustion in thevertical flues, and to regulate the proper distribution of flow of theheating gases among the different vertical flues in the heating wall.

Hereto-fore it has been the universal practice in constructing cokeoven'heating walls of the kind mentioned to secure the restrictedconnection between the vertical flues and the connecting chamber orhorizontal flue above them by what amounts to a thickening of the Wallportions between the flues and the adjacent oven chambers, and betweenthe adjacent vertical flues. This thickening of the walls at the sidesof the oven chambers reduces the rate of heat. transfer to the cokingcharge in the oven chambers at the level of the restricted portsconnecting the vertical flues to the connecting chambers or horizontalflues above them, so that it is practically impossible to avoidunderlieating of the charge at this level without either overheating themain portions of the charge, or subjecting the charge to a heatequalizing or soaking operation which undesirably prolongs the cokingperiod.

The difliculty of properly heating the top chambers.

A main object of the present invention is to provide a simple andeffective heating wall construction which will permit any de-v sirablerestriction in area of the ports connecting the-upper ends of thevertical flues to the connecting chamber of flues without causing areduced rate of heat transfer into the charge at the level of theseports, and will also permit inspection of the vertical flues, and of thegas burner nozzles ordinarily provided at the bottom of those flues, andthe cleaning or renewal of those nozzles in the usual manner whennecessary. In the preferred arrangement devised by me for attaining thisobject, I form the upper portion of the partition walls between adjacent vertical flues by bricks provided with extensions which projectacross the vertical flues, and are shaped to provide ports between thevertical flues; and the connecting chambers or flues above them, some ofwhich are adjacent the sides of the heating walls, while one is acentral port large enough in diameter to permit the of the,corresponding gas nozzle. ach of these central ports is normallyobstructed by a plug which may be removed-t0 permit the nozzle to becleaned or replaced. This plug is preferably provided with a relativelysmall orifice through which the nozzle may be inspected in operationwithout removal of the plug.

A second main object of my invention is to provide for an increasedvelocity of the heating gases in the vertical flues, and parassageticularly in the upper portions of those flues to thereby increase therate at which heat is imparted to the upperportions of the charges beingcoked. This object I readily attain in accordance with the pres-- entinvention, by means of brick work partitions in the vertical flues whichserve in efiect to extend the above mentioned orts provided to attainthe first mentioned object of the, invention, downward through theportion of the fine in whicn the high gas velocity is desired.

A. third main object of the invention is to provide for the transfer ofan adequate amount of heat to the portions of the oven charges above thelevel of the fiow restricting ports while at the same time minimizingthe danger of overheating the distillation gases in the gas collectingspaces formed by the top portions of the oven chambers. This Iaccomplish by making the side walls of the horizontal fines or chambersto which the tops of the vertical fines are connected of increasingthickness from bottom to top. This feature of construction is especiallyadvantageous when employed in conjunction with means for attaining theabove mentioned objects of my invention owing to the manner in which theheating gases pass upward from the tops of the vertical fines.

The various features of novelty, which characterize my invention arepointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming apart of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention,however, its advantages and specific objects attained with its use,reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptivematter, in which I have illustrated and described preferred embodimentsof my invention.

Of'the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevation of one common form of verticallyfined heating wall in which my invention is advantageously employed;

Fig. 2 is a partial vertical section through the heating wall;

Fig. 3 is a partial vertical section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a partial section on the line 4.4: of Fig. 2;

Figs. 5 and 6 are perspective views, each showing a difierent brickemployed in the construction shown in Figs. 2 and 3;

Figs. 7 and 8 are views taken similarly to Fig. 4 and each illustratinga different modification of the restricted port arrangement shown inFig. 4;

Figs. 9 and 10 are diagrammatic views illustrating a different form ofheating wall fine system with which the present invention mayadvantageously be employed;

Fig. 11 is a partial section taken similarly to Fig. 2, illustrating amodified construction; and

Fig. 12 is a partial section on the line 12 12 of Fig. 11.

In Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive, I have illustrated a preferred constructionespecially devised and adapted for use in a heating wall hav ing thefine system diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 1. This fine system,which has been in use for more than a generation and is that employed inthe majority of byproduct coke ovens in operation in this country at thpresent time, is one in which a series of vertical heating fines B ineach fines B at the opposite sides of the fiow reversal plane areconnected to separate regenerators, and the direction of gas fiowthrough the vertical fiues B, and through the upper horizontal channelsC, is reversed at regular intervals of a half hour or so.

In the heating wall construction illustrated in detail in Figs. 2 to 6inclusive, the walls of'the body portions of the vertical fines areordinarily formed by the so-called bottle brick D which separates theadjacent vertical fines, and by the side wall bricks E which areinterposed between the fines B and the adjacent coking chambers A. Aregenerator port F, and a gas well G are formed at the bottom of eachvertical fine B. Seated at the bottom of each gas well G, is a tire claynozzle H having a measuring orifice proportioned to deliver the properamount of combustible gas to the fine B from the gas supply channel Iformed in the oven brickwork below the corresponding fines B. The sidewalls of the horizontal fines C are formed by bricks J, and inspectionchannels B are formed in the brickwork forming the roof of the ovenstructure, one in alignment with each vertical fiue B. Each channel B"is normally closed at its upper end by a removable cap B When any cap Bis removed, combustion conditions in'the portion of the heating wallfine system beneath the corresponding channel B may be observed. carbondeposit-s may be punched out of the corresponding nozzle II b a rodinserted through the open channel and, if necessary, the nozzle H may bereplaced by a new nozzle inserted through this channel. In so far asabove described, the construction shown in Figs. 2 and 6 is of a typewhich is now. and long has been in extensive use.

The constructions shown in Figs. 2 to 6 difier, however, from thoseheretofore in use, in the manner in which the restricted port-s betweenupper ends of the vertical fines B and the horizontal channel C areformed. The means for this purpose illustrated in Figs. 2 to 65,comprise a specially shaped bottle brick K at the top of the partitionwall'between each adjacent pair of vertical fines, or preferably, asshown immediately beneath an ordinary bottle brick D lit) at the ver topof .that wall. The bottle brick K iffers from the ordinary bottle brick,in having lateral projections or wings K at each side, which extendapproximately half way across the corresponding vertical flue B, andserves in con unction with the wing K of the correspondin bottle brickat the opposite side of the no to form an apertured diaphragm or bridgeacross the upper end of the flue B. This bridgedoes not entirely closethe upper end of the'flue B, however, but on the contrary, the wings Kare shaped and proportioned to provide a slot-like port L adjacenteachside of the heating wall. Each port L as shown in Figs. 2 to 6, isseparated from the adjacent oven chamber by a side wall brick E of thesame thickness as the side wall bricks employed at immediately subjacentlevels. Each wing K is also formed with a centralnotch in its free edgewhich cooperates with the corre ndingnotch in the adjacent wing Kto orma port K in align- 'ment with the corresponding inspection channel B,and somewhat larger than is required to permit the passage of a gasnozzle H,

,Advantageously the bottle brickwings K are formed with recesses K intheir upper sides, the recesses K in each adjacent pair of wingscooperating to provide a seat for a rectangularbrick or block- M whichis formed with a port M which is in axial alignment with thecorresponding port K and inspection channel B, and is of sufficientdiameter to permit the passage of a gas nozzle H. In the preferredconstruction illustrated, the port M is enlarged at its upper end toprovide a seat for a disc or plug 0 whichis provided with a centralorifice 0', smaller in diameter than the gas nozzle H, but large enoughto permit visual inspection of a nozzle H at the bottom of the 1corresponding flue through the correspondflow between each vertical flueB and the channel C will be partly through the ports L, and partlythrough the plug orifice O: Ordinarily I contemplate such relative-port.

proportions that the bulk of the gas flow will be through the ports L,but an appreciable flow through each port 0 may be desirable to preventoverheatin of the oven walls at the level of the ports where the highvelocity of the heating gases tends to an especially high heat transfercoeficient,

Advantageously the lugs K, the end The fact that each plug 0 may readilybe removed through the corresponding channel B, and may be replaced byanother plug 0, having an orifice O of difl'erent diameter, makes itpossible to adjust. the aggregate portarea connecting each vertical flueto the channel C, if this becomes desirable. The character of therestriction desirably provided in the port connection between eachvertical "flue and the upper horizontal channel, and the desirability ofproviding devices, such as are formedby the removable apertured plugs O,for regulating the aggregate port area, will .be recognized by Thecombustion conditionsin each vertical flue B may be readily observed,and

the gas nozzle .H at the bottom of the flue may be readily inspectedthrou h the orifice O in the corresponding plug without removal of thelatter. When it is necessary to clean or replace a gas nozzle H, thecorresponding plug 0 may be moved from its seat into an adjacent portionof the upper horizontal channel 0, or may be withdrawn from the ovenstructure through the corresponding inspection channel B. With the plug0 thus out of the road, the gas nozzle H may be cleaned, or replaced inthe usual manner now followed in effecting such nozzle cleaning andreplacement operations.

In some .cases it maywbe possible to dispense with the bricks and toseat suitable shaped plugs 0 directly in the orts K In ordinarypractice, I prefer, 0wever, to employ the bricks M, as these bricks,which may well be cemented or mortared'in place, provide more uniformseats for the plugsO than would ordinarily be provided. 0

by the abutting-sections K. It will be obviousthat instead of making theports adjacent the sides of the heatin walls in the form of narrow slotsL as s own in Figs. 2 and 4, these ports may be otherwise formed anddisposed. For example, they may be formed by notches K in the ends ofthe wing ports K. as shown in Fig. 7, or by a series of holes K inthewing sections adjacent but slightly displaced from the side wallbricks E, as in the construction shown in Fig. 8-.

While the features of my myentlon already described may be used withadvanclined. With this wall arrangement, overheating of the distillationgases in the spaces above the oven charges X may be avoided, while atthe same time the top portions of the charges X are properly heated andthe upper portion of the heating wall is made strong and stable. Thefact that the heating gases pass from the vertical flues into the upperhorizontal flues C, upward along the side walls of the latter, makes itpossible to obtain full advantage of the varying thickness of said wallsas a means for regulating the heat imparted to the upper portion of theoven chambers. With the described construction, the upper horizontalflues C may be desirably large in cross section, which, in conjunctionwith the smooth inner surfaces of their side walls, insured a relativelylow resistance to longitudinal gas flow through the channels.

The various features of my invention may be used with advantage inheating Walls in which the flue systems are quite different from thatshown in Fig. 1, such as those shown in Figs. 9 and 10. In the fluesystem shown diagrammatically in Fig. 9, there are a plurality of groupsof vertical heating flues in each heating wall, with the flues B in eachgroup connected by a corresponding flue or channel CA which is incommunication with a corresponding channel in the heating wall at theopposite side of an adjacent oven through a port C. In the flue systemdiagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 10, each adjacent pair of verticalflues B in a single heating wall are connected by a corresponding fluespace or connecting chamber CB above the flues. In the flue systemsshown in Figs. 9 and 10 the same general necessity for restricting theport area between each vertical flue and the connecting chamber or fluespace above it, exists as in the flue system shown in Fig. 1, and ingeneral with the flue system shown in Figs. 8

and 10, the same necessity or desirability for inspection and forcleaning and replacing nozzles exists as in the flue system shown inFig. 1.

In the special construction illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12, twopartitions are formed in the upper portions of each vertical flue,extending downward from the bricks K and serving in eflect to prolongthe ports L and K Each partition is formed advantainsoaoao geously ofbricks Q placed on edge one above the other, and each having its endedges received in notches in the corresponding specially shaped bottlebrick DB at the opposite sides of the flue. The lower brick Q in eachpartition rests on lugs D formed for the purpose on the sides of thesubjacent bottle brick DC, and the bottle brick DA immediately beneaththe bottle brick DC are provided with tapered lugs D on the invertedbases of Which the lugs D bear. The top most bricks Q in the par titionsserve in lieu of the lugs D of the bricks DA employed in theconstruction first described, to support the wings K of the bricks K.

WVith the construction illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12, the velocity ofheating gas flow through the upper portions of the heating fluesobviously depends upon the distance between each partition formed by thebricks Q, and the adjacent side Wall bricks E, and may be increased anddiminished by decreasing and increasing said distance. Anincreasedheating gas velocity in the upper portions of the verticalflues desirably increases the heat transfer rate from. those portions ofthe flues to the coking charges and tends to shorten the time requiredfor a coking operation. The increased gas velocity is obtained,moreover, without reducing the thickness and mechanical strength of theheating walls and without thickening the walls between thevertical-flues and theoven chambers. The bricks Q; carry no real load,and are preferably loosely set in place and not mortared, and inconsequence will safely withstand Very high temperatures. The relativelengths of the portions of each vertical flue above and below the loweredges of the partitions formed by the bricks Q may be varied as desired.With the arrangement shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the apertures O in theremovable discs 0 are made as small as possible, and may be omitted.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes, I haveillustrated and described the best forms of my invention now known tome, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that some changes inform maybe made without departing from the spirit of my invention as setforth in the appended claims, and that some features of my invention maysometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use of otherfeatures. a

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1.. In a coke oven heating wall formed with vertical flues and a fluespace or spaces connecting adjacent ones of said flues at their upperends, the improvement which consists in a brickwork portion of said wallshaped to provide a port between each vertical flue and the space towhich its upper end isconnected Which is substantially smaller in crosssection than the flues itself and comprises portions adjacent the sidesof the heating wall.

2. In a coke oven heating wall formed with vertical flues and a fluespace or spaces connecting adjacent ones of said flues at their upperends, the improvement which consists in a brickwork portion of said wallshaped to provide a port between each vertical flue and the spaceitowhich its upper end is connected adjacent each side of the heating Wall,and a central nozzle passage, and a removable plug for said passage.

3. In a coke oven heating wall formed with vertical flues and a fluespace or spaces connecting adjacent ones of said flues at their upperends, the improvement which consists in a brickwork portion of said wallshaped to provide a port between each vertical flue and the space towhich its upper end is connected adjacenteach side of the heating wall,and a central nozzle passage,

and a removable apertured plug for said passage.

4. In a coke oven of the type comprising heating walls each formed witha plurality of vertical heating flues with a removable gas nozzle at thebottom of each flue and with a flue space or spaces above the verticalflues to which the latter are connected and with inspection openings inthe roof of the oven structure opening at their lower ends into saidflue space or spaces, the improvement which consists in brickworkextending across the top of each vertical flue and formed with a centralnozzle passage and with one or more ports between said passage and eachside of the heating wall, and a plug removably mounted in saidpassageway and formed with an orifice substantially smaller in diameterthan said passage- '5 In a coke oven heating wall comprising verticalflues with brick division walls between adjacent flues, the improvementwhich consists in a brick adjacent the top of each division wallprovided with wing portions at each side, each extending substantiallyhalf way across the corresponding flue and being formed with a notch inits side edge which cooperates with a notch in the adjacent wing edge ofthe corresponding brick at the opposite side of the fine to form a portlocated centrally of the flue, said wing portions being shaped andproportioned to 'provide'ports between their end edges and the adjacentflue walls.

6. In a coke oven heating wall formed with vertical flues, means forobtaining a relatively high heating gas velocity in the upper portionsof said flues comprising two vertical partitions in each flue, parallelto .the sides of said walls and spaced away from the inner walls of theflue and from each other whereby the flue space is divided into two openended channels, one adjacent each side of the flue space and anintermedivided into two open ended channels, one

adjacent each side of the flue space, and an intermediate passage, andremovable means restricting flow through said passage.

8. In a coke oven heating wall formed with vertical heating flues andintervening division walls formed with grooves in their sides, fluepartition walls formed by bricks each of which extends across a fluespace and has its ends received in the corresponding division wallgrooves. I r 9. In a coke oven comprising oven chambers and heatingwalls at the sides of said chambers and formed with horizontal heatingflues adjacent the tops of the oven chambers, the improvement whichconsists in a heat transmitting wall between each such flue and theadjacent oven chamber of tapering thickness with its thickest portionat" the top.

10. In a coke oven comprising oven chambers and heating walls at thesides of said chambers and formed with horizontal heating flues adjacentthe tops of said chambers, the improvement which consists in a heattransmitting wall located between each such flue and the adjacent ovenchambers and having its inner surface inwardly inclined to increase thethickness of the upper portion of said wall and means for passingheating gases into and out of said flues along the side walls of thelatter.

11. In a coke oven comprising coking chambers and heating walls betweenthe chambers and formed with vertical flues and upper horizontalchannels each of which extends over a plurality of vertical flues, theimprovement which consists in side walls for said horizontal channelswhich have their inner surfaces inwardly inclined to give increasedthickness to the top portions of said walls, and a bottom wall for eachsaid horizontal channel formed with-

